TABLE OF CONTENTS: Introduction : the Darwinian revolution? -- Major western views of nature. Humoral / environmental theories and the chain of being -- Evolving natural categories : Darwin’s unique legacy -- Simple continuities. Humoral politics : races, constitutional types, and ethnic and national character -- Complex continuities. Purity of blood and social hierarchy -- An enlightenment humoralist : Don Diego de Torres Villarroel -- Human sociobiology -- Cultural materialism -- Conclusion : the unmet challenges of evolutionary biology.